The paper examines a facile and efficient method for dehydration of sludge from chemical water treatment of the Surgut Thermal Power Plant using a water-soluble powdered high molecular mass polymer i.e. the sodium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), as additive. The integral mass loss and volume loss of samples varies within 70-80 % for 10-15 days when using this method. The optimum amount of the introduced bunch is 3-5 % of the mass of the initial sample to obtain dense smooth shaped samples, as established. The data of morphology, structure, phase composition, and particle size in the initial and final products, and also in waste dehydration process are given. Changes in waste surface during the interaction with Na-CMC accompanied by the formation of hydroaluminate, hydrosulphoaluminate, and hydrosulphoalumoferrite particles with a size of less than 300 nm were recorded. The particles generate a primary alumoferrite frame of a hardening system of coagulation and crystallization structures, as established in a more detailed study. During dehydration and binding processes, it is suggested to dispose the dry product in the construction industry as additive for manufacturing cements, foam blocks, foam concretes, in mortars or producing plasters due to the formation of space frame of iron (III) and aluminium hydroxides. The presence of small amounts of Na-CMC binder will make a positive contribution, since it is introduced to reduce setting time when manufacturing construction materials. The results offer prospects for solving environmental issues related to liberating overfilled sludge pits of the thermal power station