The Visim State Natural Biosphere Reserve (Sverdlovsk Region) is located on the western slope of the Ural Mountains in the low-mountainous part of the Middle Urals. The paper considers the species composition and features of the distribution of rare and protected plants on the territory of the reserve, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region. It is shown that there are 29 protected species of vascular plants on the territory of the reserve. Protected species are mainly representatives of boreal and nemoral floristic complexes. Among them are the endemics of the Urals and relict species. Most of the rare and protected plants are found in forest plant communities. For 19 protected species, maps of distribution on the territory of the reserve have been compiled. As our research has shown, the largest number of localities was found in 7 species: Lilium pilosiusculum, Cicerbita uralensis, Allium microdictyon, Anemonoides reflexa, Coeloglossum viride, Platanthera bifolia, Corallorhiza trifida. Currently, 10 rare plant species are not found on the territory of the reserve: Nuphar pumila, Gagea samojedorum, Botrychium lanceolatum, Epipogium aphyllum, Hammarbya paludosa, Herminium monorchis, Orobanche krylovii, Goodyera repens, Dactylorhiza hebridensis, Calypso bulbosa. The reasons for the rarity of these species are their biological characteristics. A decrease in the occurrence may be caused by a change in the ecological conditions of habitats in connection with a catastrophic windblow that occurred in the reserve in 1995.