The state pays special attention to, and allocates considerable funds for, the social rehabilitation of disabled persons. In 2017, the Sverdlovsk Oblast launched a pilot project to develop approaches to the development of a comprehensive system of rehabilitation and habilitation for disabled people. The purpose of the article is to find out what contradictions arise in the process of implementing the social policy. Providing its existence at the expense of state support, a disabled person often develops paternalistic social well-being. That person is not interested in activities aimed at social rehabilitation and integration into society, the desire to make progress in the professional sphere is minimal. Thus, in solving the problem of providing the minimum needs, the state faces broader problems. Such problems include the absence of an active life position, the priority of a home lifestyle, the desire of a disabled person to hide from society and social disadaptation. The paper emphasizes the formation of social inquiry from the part of disabled people to create the opportunities corresponding to the principles of humanism and social equality, tolerance and social participation. At the same time, the results are given of the sociological research of the expert community ( n = 70), which shows the reproduction of the mechanisms of paternalism in the practices of persons with disabilities, low level of their readiness for self-development and formalization of state measures to involve them in all aspects of social life. An equal approach to social security for disabled people leads to a decrease in the social activity of certain groups. State social support should have a targeted character depending on age, competitiveness in the labor market and the level of motivation of specific groups of disabled people.