The article analyzes and investigates the negative factors affecting the soil cover, as well as ways to solve environmental problems caused by anthropogenic factors. The deterioration of the soil cover can be associated with both natural and anthropogenic factors. The main consequences of human activities include: soil erosion, pollution, compaction, depletion and acidification of soils, depletion of minerals and dehumification. Soil erosion in many regions of Russia is a serious problem for agriculture. Includes water and wind erosion (deflation).