The article is devoted to the analysis of the bioethical aspects of the modern type of thinking, which is due to the integration of the natural sciences into human life processes, their influence on human life and health. The relevance of the study of the philosophical and legal aspects of bioethics is associated with the complexity of life situations that a person encounters in the course of his life, requiring a rational analysis of moral problems in the biomedical field, which makes it necessary for people to turn to the norms and guidelines of law and humanities individual and human rights. The methodological and theoretical foundations of this article are philosophical studies of bioethical issues and standards on ethical issues contained in international and Russian legal documents. The concept of “bioethics” in its modern interpretation, common points of contact and features of consideration of issues of bioethics from the standpoint of philosophy and law, bioethical problems as an object of legal regulation in the Russian Federation are considered. It is shown that despite the fact that, in general, the problems of bioethics are philosophical, the question of the personal responsibility of a person in a difficult situation can be resolved by addressing global philosophical and general methodological solutions in the bioethical sphere, which implies a holistic philosophical and rightful view of these problems.