It considers problems of the concepts of resource and productive potential of medical institutions, in terms of its components and methods of calculation. The directions for its development in the conceptual, hierarchical and systemic-structural models, that are self-explanatory and identifies the purpose of the resource and productive potential of medical institutions. Describes practical applications of the results of its assessment to predict the effectiveness of a positive impact on the health and social adaptation of patients, map flow routing of patients in the phased provision of medical care and decisions by the hospital administration with goal of development of medical institutions and improve its sustainability.