This article deals with structural and semantic aspects of research on paronyms. It is noted that, out of all the aspects of paronymy research, the most important one is derivational specifics of paronyms. A new, ideographic approach is suggested. This approach differs from traditional lexicographic description in that it accounts for thematic, denotative and semantic overlapping in paronyms. Paromymic adjectival pairs and sets are considered as a part of the whole ideographic system of Russian adjectives, which is composed of fifteen ideographic spheres described in the Ideographic Dictionary of Russian Adjectives. In view of the problem of identifying adjectival paronyms, the paper also presents a model for multi-aspectual analysis of adjectival paronyms.