Civilizational mechanism of modernity is the modernization associated with the transition to an industrial society. Mo-dernization transition in the history of Russia began in the first quarter of XVIII century. He went through three phases of development - protoindustrializatsiya, early industrial and late industrial modernization. One of the main tools of late industrial modernization serves science and technology policy in the region. It takes into account the effect of both national laws and regional particularities in the development and deployment of scientific and technical potential and, ultimately, aimed at creating a modern innovation system. To study the problems were used modernization theory and research methods such as problem-chronological retrospective, systematic, and genetic. The author concludes that the direction of the regional science and technology policy, organizational forms and the pace of its implementation were due and correlated specific historical situation, the struggle constructive and destructive elements.