This chapter discusses the context and applicability scope of scientometric methods as applied to issues of economic development, statistics of science and research policy. Research evaluation methods and quantitative and qualitative indicators of research productivity are described. Relationship between research discovery and technological development, as well as the life cycle of research and technological outputs are explored. The author deals with dynamics of research personnel and resources allocated for research activities in order to evaluate efficiency of research and development. Delayed availability of measurable artefacts of research and technological output is demonstrated. Tools for implementation of research policy and evaluation of its effectiveness are outlined.